Coastal erosion caused by strong wave impacts has led to land loss and poses a threat to public facilities. Therefore, a project was initiated to develop a detailed construction plan for coastal protection, serving as a guideline to safeguard the area from further erosion. Located in Kuala Kampar District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau, this coastal region is experiencing severe erosion in several critical areas, characterized by unique hydrodynamic conditions due to the Bono phenomenon (strong tidal currents).
Several surveys were conducted to support project planning, including topographic, bathymetric, soil mechanics, hydrology, and socio-economic surveys. These aimed to assess coastal conditions, tidal dynamics, and the project’s impact on the local community. Based on the findings, key coastal protection measures were proposed, such as breakwaters to dissipate wave energy, revetments for direct shoreline protection, jetties to manage sedimentation, and groins to reduce sand movement and prevent erosion. The project is expected to mitigate coastal erosion, enhance community safety, and create job opportunities while addressing challenges like sedimentation, ecosystem shifts, and workforce development for local labor involvement.
Recently, mining activities in the Bodri River, especially in the river area, have become increasingly concerning. Of course, if left unchecked, this will damage the river body, river channels, cause degradation of the river bed which can result in landslides of river embankments and river buildings and other buildings in the river.
Mining is carried out by local communities traditionally in the dry season or by entrepreneurs using heavy equipment (back hoe). Miners in the Bodri River do not yet have permits. Based on the above, the extraction of mining commodities in the Bodri River causes environmental damage.
The river area in the form of river boundaries is severely damaged. This condition is very disturbing to the surrounding community, the environment and ecosystem are damaged. On the one hand, traditional mining benefits the community because it is a source of income during the dry season, on the other hand, the ecosystem and environment are damaged if mining is carried out using heavy equipment without following the correct procedures.
Based on the results of data collection, compilation and analysis of regulations, territorial and technical analysis related to the planning area in the Bodri River, the following main conclusions can be identified: 1. The results of field inventory activities throughout the scope of this zoning activity, found that there were seven transverse/longitudinal buildings, including: 5 bridges, 1 check dam and 1 weir. The river facilities and infrastructure that were damaged were: ❖ Kali Putih Check Dam was built in 2017 and experienced damage to the check dam wall in 2019. Where ± 90 meters upstream and ± 60 meters downstream of the check dam building there were mining activities. ❖ Gabion upstream of the Singorojo Bridge was built in 2020 and was damaged in 2022. Where ± 400 meters downstream of the gabion building there were mining activities. ❖ Singorojo Bridge experienced erosion/landslides on the riverbank under the bridge. Where ± 325 meters downstream of the Singorojo Bridge there are mining activities.
2. From 11 (eleven) observation points, mining activities were found that did not have permits. These activities are in the form of manual extraction and also involve heavy equipment such as excavators and transport trucks.
3. Based on data from the Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Service of Central Java Province in 2023, it is known that there are permit holders located on the Bodri River (in the study area). Including 3 IUP holding companies that are in the exploration permit stage and 2 companies are in the reserve permit stage.
4. Manual mining and heavy equipment until now still cause damage to river walls and cliffs and cause changes in river morphology, including erosion and sedimentation in several places.
Based on the analysis, there are quite significant changes in river morphology or flow based on a comparison of the digitization of the Bodri River trough boundary in 2015 with aerial photo mapping in 2023. Based on the results of the overlay analysis of the Bodri River trough boundary in 2015 with aerial photo mapping in 2023, it is known that there is a change in the river trough boundary of 4,322 meters in length, a change in the shift in the width of the river ranging from 2 meters to 250 meters (which has exceeded the width of the river boundary) and a height/thickness ranging from ± 2 meters. 6. The potential rate of sediment potential in the Bodri Watershed is 447,203.74 tons/year. This material is a general input to the sedimentation balance in the Bodri River (study segment 24.5 km), while the Suspended Load Discharge based on the calibration of laboratory sample test results for one year is 300,624.58 tons/year where this result is the sedimentation input of the Bodri River at the activity location. 7. The results of observations and interviews in the field show that the estimated volume of excavation/mining in the form of sand and stone is estimated at 576,700 tons/year, where this result is the output of sedimentation of the Bodri River at the activity location. This value includes observation points and also mining locations, including. 8. Based on the geological review and field observations, it can be concluded that mining materials in the form of sand and stone come from the right and left of the riverbank that has experienced landslides. This is because the Bodri Watershed does not produce sand and stone material input as volcanic products. 9. Based on the multicriteria analysis, it can be seen that the level of river damage, both in the river body and on the riverbank, shows moderate and severe damage due to mining, both manual mining and using heavy equipment, so that it is not allowed to carry out material/mining activities in the Bodri River planning area from the Lutut River in Kaliputih Village, Singorojo District to the Bodri River in Puguh Village, Pegandon District. In addition, the damaged condition of the river body and boundaries cannot recover naturally due to mining activities in the Bodri River.
Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28/PRT/2015 concerning the Determination of River Boundary Lines and Lake Boundary Lines, the boundary line on the Bodri River is set at a width of 100 m on the right and left of the riverbed. 11. The results of the analysis of flood inundation with annual Q50 at the study location (segment length 24.5 km) showed that in general the area of flood inundation is within the boundary line (100 m on the right and left from the edge of the riverbed). However, several agricultural lands, plantations, and residential areas located within the river boundaries are potentially affected by flooding.
Based on news sources from Warta Kota dated 5/2/2020 about “Severe Flooding, Tangerang City Government Proposes Normalization of the Cirarab River” that after checking the current speed there was a decrease in speed compared to the upstream area of 0.5 meters per second due to being blocked by a bridge in Kota Bumi so that normalization was needed. And based on coordination with the Tangerang Regency BPBD that there were many factors in the flood, especially in the housing area of Gelam Jaya Village which was caused by the overflow of the Cirarab River, that the elevation or embankment for the housing location was not checked for its final elevation, it is likely that the housing land embankment is only parallel to the riverbed so that if a flood occurs, the water will take a long time to recede. And from the statement of the pump guard and the water gate located in Situ Bulakan regarding the flood in the Cirarab River, there was sedimentation and narrowing in the area of the akong factory located in the District. Sepatan so that river normalization and repair of the embankment are needed, especially the banks of the Cirarab River located in Villa Tomang Baru. In this regard, the Ciliwung Cisadane River Basin Center needs to conduct a Flood Alert Level Review activity on the Cirarab River, considering the high changes in land use and climate change so that accurate information can be obtained as a basis for taking rapid action in flood disaster preparedness.
CONCLUSION
Water resource infrastructure in the field includes Water Guessing Posts, Drainage Gates, Embankments, Dams and Other Infrastructure.
There were 3 water guessing posts found in the field. One of them is from the Tangerang Regency BPBD early warning system with an online system. The other two are only in the form of Water Guessing Post (PDA) peilschaals at the Ledug River Estuary and Situ Bulakan Estuary.
There were 9 (nine) water pumps found in the field, including as water discharge from the lake, drainage and the Ledug river estuary.
Of the 9 pumps in areas that are often flooded, there are water gates as a barrier against the entry of backwater from the river into the lake or into housing drainage channels. Some of these pumps are; pumps located at the Situ Bulakan discharge, pumps at the Ledug River Estuary and pumps in several drainage discharges of the Villa Permata Tangerang housing complex, Gelam Jaya Village, Pasar Kemis District.
There are 16 drainage gates on the Cirarab River embankment, but 6 drainage gates are not functioning/damaged/not functioning. The six damaged gates are located in the Villa Permata Tangerang housing complex, Gelam Jaya Village, Pasar Kemis District. The position of the drainage gates is almost parallel to the river flow, so the drainage gates function when the river water is in normal conditions. When it rains, the drainage gates are closed and pumps are used to drain water from the drainage.
Most of the Pile cap embankments are on the left of the Cirarab River in Gelam Jaya Village, Pasar Kemis District in the Villa Permata Tangerang housing complex are still in good condition and there are inspection roads, but there are a few cracks that are visible at several points.
The dam infrastructure found along the Cirarab River is the Sarakan Dam. The location of the Sarakan Dam is on the border of Gitung Village and Kosambi Village, Sukadiri District. The dam is still in good condition, but there are several water gates that are damaged. There are 7 doors in total, consisting of four doors with a width of 2.5 m and three doors with a width of 1.5 m. The doors that are damaged are the 3 doors with a width of 2.5 m, which are currently replaced with wooden block partitions. 7. The calculation of the planned flood discharge is carried out using 3 methods, namely the calculation of flood discharge using the HSS method, the calculation of flood discharge using the HEC-HMS software, and the calculation of flood discharge based on AWLR data.
As part of a commitment to sustainable water resource management, this project aims to assess the operational performance of river infrastructure and develop the Actual Needs for Operations and Maintenance (AKNOP) to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of river management. Covering the City of Manado, Minahasa Regency, and North Minahasa Regency, this project focuses on 15 key rivers that play a crucial role in the regional hydrological system and flood mitigation efforts.
The implementation involves a data-driven and technically comprehensive approach, including infrastructure inventory, institutional assessment, hydrological and topographical surveys, and physical condition mapping of river facilities. Leveraging modern technology and strict technical standards, each stage of the assessment is conducted systematically to generate strategic recommendations that can be effectively implemented.
This project adheres to the latest regulations, including UU No. 17 of 2019 on Water Resources, as well as technical guidelines from the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR) of Indonesia regarding river operations and maintenance. The key deliverables include a River Operations and Maintenance Performance Assessment Report, Operations & Maintenance Manual, Cost Budget Plan (RAB), as well as visual documentation and thematic maps, serving as primary references for optimizing river infrastructure management.
A multidisciplinary approach and synergy with various stakeholders are the keys to ensuring that the proposed recommendations effectively address future challenges in river management. With a fact-based analysis and measurable methodologies, this project is expected to make a tangible impact on enhancing the efficiency of river operations and maintenance across Indonesia.
Keuliling River is one of the sub-basins of the Krueng Aceh Watershed which has a large water potential to increase the provision of raw water in order to meet the water needs of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. Based on the study of the development of the Krueng Aceh watershed in 1996, the construction of the Keuliling Reservoir, in addition to meeting the water needs for irrigation of the Krueng Aceh Extension and Krueng Jreue covering an area of 3,159.30 Ha, can also support the increase in the area of rain-fed rice fields into technically irrigated rice fields, namely the Keuliling Hilir District covering an area of 1,053 Ha, and the Keuliling Hulu District covering an area of 578.20 Ha. In addition to raw water and irrigation, the Keuliling Reservoir can be used as an alternative location for sports facilities, including rowing while maintaining the eligibility criteria in accordance with applicable standards.
The location of the Keuliling Reservoir Rehabilitation Supervision Work is located in Cot Glie District, Aceh Besar Regency, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province, which is ± 35 km from the center of Banda Aceh towards Medan and can be reached by four-wheeled vehicles within 1 hour.
In the landscape arrangement of Keuliling Reservoir, it refers to the applicable rules and regulations as discussed more fully in the Landscape Report. In addition, it also takes into account existing conditions in the field and the results of coordination and discussions with related parties, especially the directors of the work and the Keuliling Reservoir Dam Management Unit (UPB) as the manager. Several conclusions that can be drawn from the Keuliling Reservoir landscape arrangement plan are:
1. There is a disposal area for landfills that have been leveled with heavy equipment around the Keuliling Reservoir pool as a result of excavation/dredging work in the reservoir pool and on the land edge of the reservoir pool that is being prepared for venue of PON XXI September 2024. For this reason, it is necessary to arrange the landscape of the disposal area for tourism, sports and greening purposes.
2. Arrangement of the Keuliling Reservoir landscape planned in disposal areas 1 and 2, namely:
– Alternative 1 (there are supporting buildings), with the concept of tourism, interactive playgrounds for children, water tourism (shallow) and sports, which are equipped with supporting building facilities such as toilets, prayer rooms, culinary huts.
– Alternative 2 (without supporting buildings), with the concept of agrotourism, only landscaping by planting fruit trees that are grouped according to their type into their respective zones. Equipped with complementary tourism facilities in the form of buildings for prayer rooms and toilets.
3. Arrangement of the landscape of the UPB Office complex and UPB House Keuliling Reservoir, where in addition to the arrangement of the garden/yard, there is also the addition of 1 UPB mess unit with a capacity of 5 rooms for UPB guests/employees.
4. Landscaping of the existing mushalla area of Keuliling Reservoir with improvements to the appearance of the mushalla by adding a facade around it (adopted from the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque in Banda Aceh) and arranging a garden in the mushalla area. 5. Landscaping of disposal areas 3, 4 and 5 which are designated for greening and agrotourism, because the location can currently only be reached by boat.
The Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) of the Republic of Indonesia in this case, the Directorate of Water Resources, one of its functions is to carry out the construction of Water Resources facilities and infrastructure in the field of implementing water source networks to support the construction of coastal protection construction facilities. In the 2023 Budget Year, the Supervision work will be carried out for the Construction of Coastal Protection Construction in Ibu District Phase II in West Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province, including the Supervision Work for the Construction of Coastal Protection Construction in Ibu District Phase II.
1. Implementation of Supervision Consultant
In the implementation of supervision consultant there are several notes that need to be considered as a reference for further development improvement.
1. At the location of coastal protection construction, periodic dredging is needed due to sediment carried during the wave season and high tide movement.
2. The utilization of coastal protection construction is handed over to the local village government.
2. Construction Implementation
1. The readiness of the implementing contractor greatly affects the smoothness of the work, namely the readiness of the provision of work equipment and manpower. In particular, technical personnel are prioritized who are experienced in the implementation of Coastal Protection Construction Development in Ibu District Phase II.
2. Before the implementation of the work, coordination with the local community is very necessary, this mainly concerns:
– Use of village facilities, including village roads
– Information to the community regarding the project implementation plan.
3. The role of pre-construction socialization is very necessary, especially considering that the location and objectives of the project have a great influence on the local community.
SUGGESTIONS
From the existing conditions, several suggestions for this activity include:
1. To prevent problems that can hamper the implementation of construction, it is advisable that in the auction process for work that is considered to require a fairly high level of technical implementation, contractors participating in the auction are advised to carry out / submit the work implementation method.
2. It is expected that the implementing contractor can place qualified Human Resources, especially field implementers, in order to smooth the implementation of the work.
3. Given the enormous benefits of this project, especially as a safeguard for coastal areas, it is advisable that its handling can be sustainable and synergize with related agencies or institutions.
The existence of the Sidoarjo mudflow is a history and through a long process, occurring since May 29, 2006 and until now there are no signs of stopping. The center or point of the Sidoarjo mudflow is located in Siring Village, approximately 200 meters from the Banjar Panji -1 gas drilling well owned by PT. Lapindo Brantas in Renokenongo Village, Porong District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province. In the latest developments, the phenomenon of hot mudflow is believed to be the activity of forming a mud volcano. Since the enactment of Presidential Regulation no. 21 of 2017, the duties and functions of the Sidoarjo Mudflow Management Agency have been transferred and implemented by the Ministry of PUPR in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of PUPR no. 5 of 2017 by forming the Sidoarjo Mudflow Control Center. The duties and functions are transferred and implemented by the Ministry of PUPR. In connection with the subsurface conditions of the mud retaining embankment which has a very low bearing capacity, causing frequent landslides (sliding). In addition, over time, the weakening of the embankment structure has resulted in seepage at several points on the embankment body. Based on this, handling is needed to restore the function of the mud retaining embankment through the work of Improving/Strengthening the Mud Retaining Embankment which is supervised by the Supervising Consultant through the Mud Retaining Embankment Improvement/Strengthening Supervision work package with the 2023 State Budget funds for the Sidoarjo Mud Control DIPA SNVT.
The purpose of O and P activities is to carry out operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure and facilities of embankments and spillways so that they can function properly, with the hope of maintaining the service function of embankment reinforcement and preventing flooding and increasing its benefits to support social, economic, cultural and regional development activities. Maintenance is intended to maintain the quality of materials or construction components in a building. Repair and Reinforcement are intended to prevent the spread of deterioration of materials and to restore them to their original condition.
Basic Concepts of Maintenance & Repair:
a. Materials or construction will experience a decrease in quality along with the age of the building. b. Maintenance must be carried out in a planned manner according to the specifications of the materials used and adjusted to environmental conditions that may affect the life of the building c. Ignoring the maintenance plan will expand and worsen the level of damage to materials or construction components.
d. The selection of quality materials and quality of work, relatively increases the service life will be longer to reduce the maintenance schedule interval.
e. Repair work can be carried out after knowing exactly the cause of the damage and the cause has been addressed.
Inspection accompanied by evaluation of the data records of the monitoring instrumentation results will be able to provide a complete picture of the condition of the mud retaining embankment, both visible on the surface and inside the embankment. All reading and measurement results as well as detailed explanations/descriptions needed to provide an accurate picture of the condition of the reservoir at the time of the inspection must be recorded and archived properly throughout the life of the embankment. Embankment inspections are carried out routinely, periodically and annually. Depending on the purpose and conditions to be obtained from the results of the embankment inspection. Inspection of the building function is simply to answer the question of whether the building can function as planned? While the inspection of the building structure is more directed at whether the construction quality is in accordance with the required technical specifications? Two building inspection paradigms will be introduced to facilitate evaluation and make decisions whether the building is suitable for operation? . In simple terms, the functional inspection of dam buildings can be grouped into 4 categories (reff. World Bank irrigation network inventory work by JICA Consultants, 2002), namely: · Buildings are functioning well · Buildings can still function with constraints · Buildings cannot function well · Buildings cannot function at all · Under certain conditions, dam buildings are in good condition in terms of construction/structure, but cannot function according to plan. To overcome this situation, a review of the arrangement is needed, if this is not possible, the building will be completely renovated.
This monthly report is generally one of the requirements as stated in the work contract for “Supervision of Sedimentation Handling at Bale Purbo Fishing Boat Pier, Gresik Regency” for the 2023 Budget Year, in accordance with the consultant’s duties and obligations as stated in the ToR, and in accordance with the planned work method. This report presents the progress of the work implementation and a description of all consultant activities. In addition, activity reports and other information regarding problems and follow-up during the implementation of the work are also submitted. All implementation of supervision of physical work activities refers to the results of the planning including:
Design Review Drawings;
Calculation of the Budget Plan (RAB);
Technical Description of Implementation (Technical Specifications);
CONCLUSION
1. Supervision Consultant
a. Design revision
1) The task of the Supervision Consultant in addition to carrying out supervision and
quality control of the implementation of construction work is also obliged to make design revisions.
2) While the objectives of the design revision include the following:
– Optimizing the use of existing construction costs.
– Adjusting dimensions, selecting types of construction and increasing the completeness of the building
– Increasing the safety of buildings and the environment and the smooth functioning of buildings, in relation to regional conditions.
b. Realization of Supervision Consultant
1) Realization of the number of manmonts according to the contract of 59.00 mm has been fulfilled
in the field including:
I. Experts
1 Team Leader: 8 People-month
2 Water Resources Engineer: 3 People-month
3 Structure Engineer: 3 People-month
4 Quality Engineer: 3 People-month
5 Quantity Engineer
(Construction Management): 5 People-month
6 Health Safety Engineer: 8 People-month
II Supporting Staff
1. Administration and Finance: 8 People-month
2. Field Supervisor 1\/Inspector I: 5 People-month
The supervision consultant’s financial realization, according to the contract value of Rp 1,170,051,000.00, has been fully absorbed.
2. Construction Implementation
a. The readiness of the implementing contractor significantly influences the smooth progress of the work, namely the readiness of the provision of work equipment and personnel. Technical personnel, especially those experienced in the construction of water structures, are prioritized.
b. Before the implementation of the work, coordination with the local community is crucial, especially regarding the use of public facilities.
c. Based on the results of the work implementation, there were changes in work items and volume, while the contract value was Rp. 5,948,000,000.00, and the final project value was Rp. 5,948,000,000.00. All funds have been fully absorbed.
The Waemese River in West Manggarai Regency is a critical river on Flores Island, included in the Flores River Area which is a National Strategic River Area. Every year during the rainy season, the river experiences flooding, inundating residential areas, rice fields, dry fields, and damaging irrigation facilities/infrastructure, public facilities such as highways, offices and other buildings. Severe damage to the river is in the form of erosion of river banks caused by river movements influenced by several factors, including: rainfall characteristics, watershed slope, watershed shape and land use. Meanwhile, the influencing factor is the amount of water that will pass through the river, expressed in the runoff coefficient. The type of soil or soil properties that are sensitive to erosion will affect sediment transport and have an indirect effect on the runoff coefficient.
As a step to improve the damage to the river bank and efforts to control the destructive power of water, and based on the request of the community through the West Manggarai Regency Government and submitted to the government, the Directorate General of Water Resources of the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing through the Nusa Tenggara II River Basin Center, NVT Work Unit for the Implementation of the NT II Water Source Network of NTT Province, PPK for River and Coastal Activities II proposed the Continuation of the Construction of Flood Control Facilities/Infrastructure for the Waemese River, Labuan Bajo in West Manggarai Regency which needs to be supervised by a supervisory consultant related to the implementation of construction. In relation to the above fields of activity, the implementation and management of supporting facilities/infrastructure and adequate operational costs for activities are very necessary so that the construction process is carried out in stages that are sustainable, coordinated and measurable according to the expected performance. In this activity, there are requirements for a Business Entity Certificate for Intermediate qualifications, Engineering Supervision classification with Sub-Classification used as a reference, namely RE203 concerning Civil Engineering Construction Work Supervision Services.
Rivers are one of the natural resources whose existence is often utilized by humans for various purposes, including for the provision of irrigation water, raw water, industry, transportation and others. However, rivers also often cause problems for humans, including when the river overflows or the river water level is higher than desired by the community around the river or in general terms it is known as causing flooding in the land around the river, especially through densely populated urban areas. The problem of flooding is one of the factors that will affect the river’s capacity. The West Limboto River Basin (DAS) which is included in the Limboto River Basin (WS) covers an area of 91,004 ha, covering eight sub-districts in Gorontalo Regency. The Limboto River Basin (DAS) is part of the Limboto-Bolango-Bone (LBB) River Basin Unit (WS), most of which is located in the Gorontalo Regency area, originating in the Mountains that stretch from north to south and empties into Lake Limboto. Limboto Watershed administratively consists of one district and one city (located in Gorontalo Regency and Gorontalo City). The high intensity of rainfall, especially in the upstream area, has resulted in an increase in the water discharge of the Marisa River and Daenaa River, resulting in flooding in the downstream area of West Limboto District.
In general, the scope of the supervision consultant’s activities is to assist the Sulawesi II River Region Office SNVT for the Implementation of the Sulawesi II Water Source Network in supervising the Construction Implementation or in other words, the supervision consultant uses the Assistance Concept method, meaning that the supervision consultant is fully responsible for all construction supervision activities and is fully responsible for all Design Review drawings, starting from the beginning to the end of the work.
The scope of the supervision consultant’s work in general includes:
1. Carrying out project management (construction management) required in the implementation of this project includes the following work items:
a. Control of the implementation schedule
b. Control of the quality of materials and quality of work
c. Control of the volume of materials submitted
d. Control of the absorption of money carried out
2. Carrying out Engineering Design and Modification during construction includes a review of the design analysis (revision and modification) the analysis carried out by the supervision consultant at this stage includes:
a. Providing recommendations for all calculation analyses carried out
b. Providing recommendations and supervision of detailed construction drawings
c. Supervision based on Technical specifications for fabricated materials
d. Supervision of installation of technical devices used
e. Supervision of the preparation of reports for both civil works and equipment made by the contractor
3. Carrying out reviews, approval of proposed inspection and testing procedures and implementation during fabrication, delivery of goods and installation of materials and test equipment to comply with contract requirements
4. Carrying out supervision of all contractor activities in the field so that existing technical specifications can be followed and implemented properly.
Obstacles faced in the implementation of Flood Control work in the West Limboto Area, namely:
1. Preparation of land for stone material for stone masonry work and prefabricated wire gabion masonry at the location had been hampered by misunderstandings from the landowner.
2. The results of soil excavation from the sudeton for the new river channel had blocked access to farmers’ roads
3. The implementation of K3 in the work, especially for PPE, has not been maximized.
Solution :
1. The contractor and supervision team have coordinated well with the landowner and the local village government.
2. The contractor has moved the excavation results to a place that has been mutually agreed upon.
3. The contractor will immediately implement K3 according to the technical specifications according to the contract
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